Bees
 

Handbook of the Bees of the British Isles (2-Volume Set). George Else and Mike Edwards (2018). A comprehensive key and accounts for the British species of bees. 775 pages in two volumes. Corrections available here - updated 31 December 2022

Field Guide to the Bees of Great Britain and Ireland. Steven J. Falk (2015). Keys and describes all the British species known by 2015.

Steven Falk's online resource for bee identification. Steven Falk is building a comprehensive photo guide to British Bees. See his insects pictures including wasps and ants here

A visual guide for the identification of British Coelioxys bees - Rhian Rowson & Mark Pavett (2008).

BWARS members Rhian Rowson and Mark Pavett have produced this photo-guide to aid the identification of British Coelioxys bees.

Bumble bee "crib-sheets" by Steven Falk:
Distinguishing white-tailed bumblebees

Distinguishing Bombus vestalis and B. bohemicus

Distinguishing male cuckoo bumblebees

Distinguishing carder bumblebees

Distinguishing black bodied red tails

Distinguishing ‘midriffed’ white-tails and their dark forms

Distinguishing cuckoo bumblebee females

Distinguishing banded pattern bumblebees with red tails

Sphecodes identification

Notes on identifying Sphecodes species by Steven Falk

Wild Bees of Scotland BWARS members Mike Edwards and Jeremy Early have collaborated with Scottish Natural Heritage to produce a guide to some of the common and more readily identified bees of Scotland. The guide can be downloaded here

Wasps

Social wasps - key to wasps of the family Vespidae - Updated version December 2022. The Vespine key on  the BWARS website has been extensively revised for many of the male characters, most notably the males of V. rufa, V. germanica and V. vulgaris. The markings on these species are very variable and the only reliable way of separating them is by looking at the genitalia of dead specimens, in particular the shape of the central 'tongue' or adeagus.

There have been small alterations elsewhere in the text.

Key to British genera of Bethylidae, Embolemidae and Dryinidae by Michael Archer

Key to British Chrysididae by Michael Archer (2020)

Key to British Dryinide, Embolemidae & Bethylidae by Michael Archer (2020)

The British Potter and Mason Wasps - Michael Archer (1996).

BWARS President, Michael Archer has kindly made the key from his Handbook available as a free download.

Paper and Social wasps of central Europe - Libor Dvořák & Stuart Roberts (2006)

Keys in Czech and English. Lavishly illustrated. Includes all British species.

Photographs of key features used in various identification keys
Ian Tew has provided numerous very useful photographs of the key features of various wasp species here

Ants

3 Myrmica species - Phil Attewell (2011): Part 1 and Part 2 aids to help separate Myrmica scabrinodis, sabuleti and specioides.

Stenamma worker ants - Mike Fox (2009).

BWARS ant record coordinator, Mike Fox has produced this photographic guide to distinguishing UK Stenamma worker ants.