Ecological studies in the Norfolk Brecklands (Field & Foster, 1995; Willmer, 1985a,b) and Europe (Hamm & Richards, 1930) make this one of the best-known British aculeates.

See Symmorphus crassicornis for literature on this species.

Identification keys, distribution and general biology are given in Spradbery (1973), Richards (1980), Yeo and Corbet (1995), and Falk (1991).

See Symmorphus crassicornis for literature on this species.

The Embolemidae is a small family with 10-15 species worldwide. E. ruddii is the only species in Britain. Notes on identification may be found in Perkins (1976).

This is the larger of the two species of British mutillids (the other being Smicromyrme rufipes). Unlike many aculeate wasps, the female is apterous, a feature which gives it an ant-like appearance, and leads to its being called a 'velvet ant'. The male, however, is fully winged and capable of sustained flight.

One of our largest pompilids, and until recently, regarded as one of our rarest.